Planning, Feeding, and Genetics: Key to Yearling Heifer Mating Success
Planning, feeding, a robust animal health programme and the right genetics are the critical factors in a successful heifer mating programme.
Run by Dr Will Halliday, veterinarian and B+LNZ’s senior manager technical policy, the workshop covered what farmers could do to “protect their patch” from pests and diseases.
“New Zealand has a border, and farms have boundaries, but farmers can treat their boundaries like a border and control what comes over it,” says Halliday.
As with national borders, there is pre-border, at the border and post-border management that can be implemented on-farm.
Halliday says farmers will already be doing this as part of everyday farming but should be aware of the measures they are taking to protect their businesses.
Farmers can also assess the level of biosecurity risk from a highly likely scenario (buying lambs with worms) to a highly unlikely but devastating scenario such as an incursion by a disease such as Foot and Mouth.
Halliday's hierarchy of disease
At the workshop, Halliday outlined what he has coined Halliday’s Hierarchy of Disease.
The first in this hierarchy is a nationally catastrophic disease such as Food and Mouth Disease, or Avian Influenza; the second are endemic nasties that are in NZ, but farmers work hard to contain.
Included in this list are TB, BVD, brucellosis, and drench resistance. The third in the hierarchy are the many diseases that farmers have taught themselves to accept as “just part of farming”.
These include Johnes Disease, facial eczema, footrot and mastitis, and it is these diseases that are costing farmers the most in lost production and control efforts.
Seven biosecurity interventions
Seven measures can help protect the farm business from pests and diseases.
1. Recording livestock movements is critical. This includes recording movements in NAIT and ASD forms, knowing where animals are coming from and what they may be carrying with them.
2. Keeping livestock well-fed and healthy will make them less susceptible to disease. Animal Health Plans play a critical part in farm biosecurity as they serve both as a reminder and a record of animal health treatments.
3. People, equipment and dogs. Be aware of who and what is coming onto the farm, where they have been and what they are bringing with them. Keep a visitor register. Identify all the entry forms onto the farm and ideally provide cleaning and disinfecting facilities at entry points. These facilities can be as simple as a fish bin with water, disinfectant, and a brush.
4. Feed and water. Where is feed being sourced from? This includes hay and silage and milk, and colostrum. Some bagged supplementary feeds should not be fed to ruminants (check the label) and offal should be either frozen or cooked before being fed to dogs to help prevent the spread of sheep measles.
5. Pest control. Pests can include plant pests as well as possums, pigs, deer, goats, rats and mice as well as feral sheep and cattle. These animals can cause damage to pasture or be a vector for disease.
6. Correct handling of waste and carcase management. Identify, remove and correctly dispose of dead stock. Manage livestock waste to ensure it is not a source of contamination.
7. Shared knowledge and understanding. Ensuring everyone in the farm team, as well as people coming onto the farm, understand that biosecurity is taken seriously. Include staff in drawing up and implementing biosecurity plans and learn where to go to identify pests and diseases. See https://agpest.co.nz/
