Helping heifers grow
Dairy farmers can easily track the performance of their replacement heifers and ensure they reach their genetic potential.
Andrew Bruning and Tracey Herrick are first year dairy farming in Karamea, where the whole district has been hit hard with FE -- unusual for the area, Bruning says.
They milk 180 cows, mainly Friesian with some crossbred; a quarter of the herd have clinical symptoms of FE. Bruning believes the rest of the herd is suffering with sub-clinical symptoms.
They have culled ten cows, dried off 20 and switched to once-a-day milking 15 that are less affected.
"We are hit really hard with facial eczema," he says. "The whole district is and our whole herd is affected. The emotional side of seeing our cows suffering with facial eczema is just as distressing as the financial loss. It's a cruel disease."
With advice from vets, they have dosed the herd with Zincmax+ nutrition supplement sold by SealesWinslow and are applying zinc cream to the cows' teats.
Herrick says she read of an eastern Bay of Plenty farmer, Richard Sisam, speaking in support of FE-tolerant genetics.
Over 1700 of Sisam's heifers over two generations from CRV Ambreed's FE breeding programme were showing FE tolerance and he considered these genetics essential. Sisam's initial faith in FE-tolerant genetics came from years of successfully using such genetics for sheep.
This has motivated Bruning and Herrick to start using FE genetics in their herd this year. As a start, they have chosen to use FE genetics across half the herd for their next matings.
CRV Ambreed's R&D manager Phil Beatson told Rural News that FE outbreaks in the past were minor and confined to the top of the South Island; but this year a surge in FE had reached south to Grey Valley, on the West Coast.
He says it is hard to ascertain what is causing the FE outbreak; marginal rise in temperature and ideal moisture levels could be to blame. With global warming tipped to rise, more NZ farms could become susceptible.
CRV Ambreed's FE-tolerant genetics could help farmers combat outbreaks.
"With climate change, this problem is going to get worse," Beatson says. "As an industry we can't rely on short-term measures to treat FE. This is already a huge economic and animal welfare issue and genetics provides a long-term solution."
Using CRV Ambreed's current FE-tolerant sires will typically breed offspring 30% less reactive to FE challenge, compared to the average bull. But as the sheep industry has proven, targeted genetics must be a farming technique year-on-year to stem the disease.
The usual way to treat FE now is by dosing animals with zinc, but Beatson's concern is that zinc, as a heavy metal, will go back into the environment and may end up in the food chain.
Genetics is safe, environmentally sustainable and economical, he says.
"Genetics will not guarantee a solution, but it will breed tolerance."
